CopR has a dual function: It acts as transcriptional repressor at the repR promoter and, in addition, prevents convergent transcription of RNAIII and repR mRNA (RNAII), which indirectly increases RNAIII synthesis. Replication of pIP501 is controlled by the concerted action of a small protein, CopR, and an antisense RNA, RNAIII. RepR is similar to RepE of related streptococcal plasmid pAMβ1, which has been shown to possess RNase activity cleaving free RNA molecules in close proximity of the initiation site of DNA synthesis. The minimal replicon of pIP501 is composed of the repR gene encoding the essential rate-limiting replication initiator protein RepR and the origin of replication, oriR, located downstream of repR. Replication of pIP501 proceeds unidirectionally by a theta mechanism. It is a multiple antibiotic resistance plasmid frequently detected in clinical Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains. PIP501 is a Gram-positive broad-host-range model plasmid intensively used for studying plasmid replication and conjugative transfer. 7Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Biologisch-Pharmazeutische Fakultät, AG Bakteriengenetik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany. 6Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria.5Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.4Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.3Center for Structural System Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.2Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.1Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.Elisabeth Grohmann 1,2 *, Nikolaus Goessweiner-Mohr 3,4,5,6 * and Sabine Brantl 7 *
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